All extrusion rivets tested in Table 1 showed this characteristic joining in the through hole upon macrosection analysis. For the single hole samples, the average ultimate tensile load was found to correlate linearly with dwell time with longer dwell times leading to stronger joints as seen in Fig. 8. This will reach some physical maximum when all of the extruded material is joined across theentire area of the hole. A 10% increase in strength was noted as the dwell time was increased from 2 to 4 s. As time is critical in a manufacturing setting, the trade off in strength for a shorter joining time will be an important consideration. Test samples at 8000 Nand 1 s dwell time in the initial part of the experiment showed similar strengths to those at 7200 N thus indicating that a largeraxial control force will be able to shorten the dwell time needed forthe process and make it better suited for manufacturing processes