The rise of web-based GIS resources has expanded the scale and scope of spatial information seeking in
most, if not all, academic libraries. Even without formal GIS training, users can search for spatial information,
create customized maps, as well as perform simple spatial analysis. However, few systematic
evaluations have been conducted to summarize common web GIS functionalities as GIS moving from
traditional desktop applications to the web. In this study, we evaluated and assessed the major functionalities
of web GIS applications and their potential value for information discovery and access, using
six most popular applications in the academic libraries. In addition, since web GIS targets non-GIS
professionals, we also conducted an empirical usability evaluation of the six GIS applications in academic
libraries. As the result, we identified eight major GIS functionalities that web GIS offers for information
seeking purposes. The usability evaluation suggested that a user-friendly web GIS application
should provide users a clear starting point, predictable map interaction, flexible customization capabilities,
and familiar web experiences. Our study is one of the first studies to examine web-based GIS
functionalities and their associated usability in a systematic way. The results will serve as an important
reference for web GIS developers.