4. Conclusions
Treatment of seven TAs from raw waters (synthetic and river) was evaluated using coagulation and GAC filtration in this study. PACl was used as coagulants, and GAC filter was used for adsorption. According to this study, coagulation was effective for removal of TAs, and addition of PACl could remove 43∼94% of TAs at the optimum conditions from the synthetic water. The removal efficiency depended on the type of TAs. When TAs were removed from the synthetic water, coagulation was the least effective for DXC and CTC. The removal efficiencies slightly deteriorated (44∼67%) in the river water due to organic interference. Unlike the synthetic water, the difference in removal efficiencies of TAs was insignificant in the river water.
It was postulated that TAs would be removed through the charge neutralization and sweep coagulation when PACl was added into the raw waters. The charge neutralization of zwitterionic or negative TAs by cationic aluminum hydrolysis species drove removal of TAs when PACl was added to the synthetic water. The destabilization products from the charge neutralization were then removed by filtration. When sufficient alkalinity was available (river water), aluminum hydroxide precipitates formed. Subsequently, TAs could be removed by being enmeshed into or adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide precipitates when PACl was added to the river water.
GAC filtration was generally more effective for removal of TAs than coagulation. When coal-based carbon was employed, GAC filtration could remove more than 68% of incoming TAs. The type of TAs affected the removal efficiency of GAC filtration. OTC, DMC, and TC were easy to remove by GAC filtration (>90%), while MNC and MCC were difficult to remove (
4. ConclusionsTreatment of seven TAs from raw waters (synthetic and river) was evaluated using coagulation and GAC filtration in this study. PACl was used as coagulants, and GAC filter was used for adsorption. According to this study, coagulation was effective for removal of TAs, and addition of PACl could remove 43∼94% of TAs at the optimum conditions from the synthetic water. The removal efficiency depended on the type of TAs. When TAs were removed from the synthetic water, coagulation was the least effective for DXC and CTC. The removal efficiencies slightly deteriorated (44∼67%) in the river water due to organic interference. Unlike the synthetic water, the difference in removal efficiencies of TAs was insignificant in the river water.It was postulated that TAs would be removed through the charge neutralization and sweep coagulation when PACl was added into the raw waters. The charge neutralization of zwitterionic or negative TAs by cationic aluminum hydrolysis species drove removal of TAs when PACl was added to the synthetic water. The destabilization products from the charge neutralization were then removed by filtration. When sufficient alkalinity was available (river water), aluminum hydroxide precipitates formed. Subsequently, TAs could be removed by being enmeshed into or adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide precipitates when PACl was added to the river water.กรอง GAC โดยทั่วไปมีประสิทธิภาพสำหรับการเอาออกของ TAs กว่าแข็งตัวของเลือด เมื่อคาร์บอนจากถ่านหินได้รับการว่าจ้าง กรอง GAC สามารถเอากว่า 68% ของ TAs. เข้ามา ชนิดของ TAs ผลเอาประสิทธิภาพของเครื่องกรอง GAC ชเข้ากับกลุ่ม DMC และ TC ได้ง่ายเมื่อต้องการเอาออก โดยการกรอง GAC (> 90%), ในขณะที่ MNC และ MCC ยากเอา (< 70%) เนื่องจากเครื่องกรอง GAC มีการเอา ของ TC, DXC, CTC ซึ่งยากที่จะเอาออก โดยการแข็งตัวของเลือด coupling ของเฟนกับ GAC กรองจะปรับปรุงเอา TAs.
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