Considering the limitation of the SE, this paper proposes
an improved DSE method which will estimate an operation
point of a traditional distribution system based on limited
number of measurements. Pseudo measurements as bus power
injections are applied in proposed DSE to solve the limitation
number of measurements. Pseudo measurements data can be
obtained from load forecasting, historical data or other
approximation methods. In addition, customer loads such as
domestics, commercials and industrials are modeled in this
proposed method to calculate an accurate value of active and
reactive power consumptions. The proposed scheme is
implemented to a Malaysia’s existing distribution network that
consists of two small units of hydro generation connected in
parallel to the grid. The proposed DSE has been validating in
PSCAD/EMTDC software to test its ability for dynamic
application.