Plant oils can be classified into two broad classes based on their biosynthetic origins. Fatty acids- and glycerides-based oils are important for bulk materials synthesis industry while isoprenoid-based oils are important in the perfume and fragrance industry. Understanding their biosynthetic origin, reactivity, and market potential, can motivate the utility of both classes of plant oils in materials synthesis. This chapter reviews the biosynthesis, reactivity, characterization, processing (both small-scale and large-scale) and offers a future outlook of the potential of plant oils.