U.S. GAAP. As noted earlier, joint ventures are generally accounted for using the equity method under U.S. GAAP; however, exceptions to the general rule are possible, depending upon accounting policy election (fair value option), legal structure, and industry. With respect to structure, joint ventures can be organized through a separate entity or without an entity. When a separate entity is used, it can be either an incorporated (corporation) or unincorporated (partnership) entity. In the case of a corporation, Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 323, “Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures,” clearly states that the equity method is required for corporate joint ventures unless the venturer has elected to measure the investment as a financial instrument at fair value under the fair value option.