The Early Studies If you were asked to study and identify the behaviors that best differenti- ated effective from ineffective leaders, how would you do it? You could ask leaders what they do, follow the leaders around to see how they actu ally behave, or administer questionnaires to ask them and those they work with how often the leaders exhibited certain behaviors These three approaches have been used extensively in past and present leade re- search. Much of the initial leader behavior research was conducted at ohio State University and the University of Michigan. Collectively, the ohio State Uni- versity studies developed a series of questionnaires to measure different leader behaviors in work settings. These researchers began by collecting over 1,800 questionnaire items that described different types of leadership