The grammar translation approach is useful for the intensive study of grammar and vocabulary and is valuable for understanding important cultural texts. The audio-lingual approach with its emphasis on speaking and listening However, there is little classroom research to support such approaches for serve the needs of students who bring different levels of motivation and aptitude to the classroom. Furthermore, they believe that the motivation of learners in often stifled by an insistence on correctness in the earliest stages of second language learning. These opponents of the ‘Get it right from the beginning’ proposal argue that it is better to encourage learners to develop ‘fluency’ before ‘accuracy’. Some findings from second language classroom research do permit us to assess the effect of instruction that is strongly oriented to the ‘Get it right from the beginning’ approach. These include descriptive studies of the interlanguage development of second language learners in audiolingual programmers (Study 12), and comparisons of the development of second language proficiency between groups of students receiving different combinations of form-and MEANING-BASED INSTRUCTION (Study 13).