At the end of the study, the researcher compares the scores from each treatment with the scores from every other treatment. If there are consistent differences between treatments, the researcher can conclude that the differences have been caused by the treatment conditions. For example, a researcher may compare memory scores for a list of one-syllable words with scores for a list of two-syllable words. By showing that there are consistent differences between the two groups of scores, the researcher can demonstrate that memory is related to the number of syllables in the words (that is, the number of syllables causes differences in memory).