fig. 3a shows the hot stainless steel rolled microstructure, where the structure is austenitic coarse grains. Grain coarsening is due to low rate of cooling after rolling. It is obvious from the micrograph that, at the triple grain boundary points, carbides is agglomerated. Meanwhile, thick layer of these carbides are surrounding the grain boundaries. Fig. 3b shows a micrograph of the hot rolled specimen (alloy 3). The grains became smaller than that of the as-cast structure. This is can be attributed to the mechanical deformation effect. Furthermore,