A rotation of upland (e.g., winter wheat, rapeseed)
and paddy rice crops occurs mostly in the northern part of
the study area (e.g., Jiangsu province), where the landscape
is very flat and land cover is relatively homogenous,
dominated by cropland. In the western and southern parts
of the study area, a rotation of early rice and late rice crops
occurs, but the fraction of the landscape allocated to
croplands is generally much less than in the northern part
of the study area. Land cover types in those areas are more
heterogeneous and influenced by increased complexity of
topography, and represent a mixed landscape of cropland
and forest