Each cyclone was connected to a personal sampling
pump; the pump was calibrated to a flow rate of 1.7 l min1
of air (as recommended by National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health, NIOSH). Each cyclone was equipped with a cassette
holding a 37-mm polyvinylchloride (PVC) membrane filter.
The cyclone and the cassette were attached to the shirt collar,
within the subject’s breathing zone. The pump was placed in a padded
pouch. After sampling, the cyclone was carefully disassembled.