We define telecommuting as the use of collaborative technologies to reduce or entirely replace traditional commuting to the workplace. Telecommuting is a natural application for the numerous collaborative technologies we have explored in this paper. Our motivation in pursuing this case study is summarized by the following quote from Alvin Toffler's book, "Future Shock": "In a country that has been moaning about low productivity and searching for new ways to increase it, the single most anti-productive thing we can do is ship millions of workers back and forth across the landscape every morning and evening."
The ability to work at home or at teleworking centers is one of the most important results of improved network bandwidths to residences. Currently, home workers can link to their offices via phones, modems, and fax machines. Improved network connectivity allows them to connect digitally, computer to computer, and pull down virtually any datafile or working document. Work groups can share documents, files and messages, interconnect to LANs or other networks, and conduct video meetings and conferences. They can function and communicate as if they were actually sharing an office. For example, a consultant in Silicon Valley uses up to 12 ISDN channels for regular CAD/CAM design collaborations with engineers in Japan using two-way desktop video, voice connections, and a shared whiteboard where all participants can annotate the computer document. How prevalent is telecommuting in any form today? There is no single widely accepted definition of exactly what telecommuting is (and even our definition is not precise enough to enable easy quantification), and there are difficulties in counting telecommuters because not all telecommuters do so all the time. Some surveys do not differentiate between people that work at home in home-based businesses and those that telecommute from their homes. In addition, the sampling methods of some surveys are different enough to make comparison and averaging impossible. As a result of these limitations the estimates in the table below vary . However, the numbers from some different surveys are quoted below, taken from The Environmental and Social Impacts of Telecommuting and Teleactivities, by J. Marcus.
เรากำหนดกดเป็นการใช้เทคโนโลยีร่วมกันลด หรือทั้งหมดแทนไม่กี่แบบดั้งเดิมเพื่อทำงาน กดเป็นโปรแกรมธรรมชาติสำหรับเทคโนโลยีร่วมกันมากมายที่เราได้สำรวจในเอกสารนี้ แรงจูงใจในการใฝ่หากรณีศึกษานี้สรุปตามอ้างอิงจาก Alvin Toffler สมุด "อนาคตช็อก": "ในประเทศที่มี moaning เกี่ยวกับผลผลิตต่ำ และหาวิธีการใหม่เพื่อเพิ่มมัน สิ่งผลิตต่อต้านมากที่สุดเดียวเราสามารถทำเป็นเรือหลักล้านของผู้ปฏิบัติงานและกลับข้ามภูมิทัศน์ทุกเช้าและเย็น"The ability to work at home or at teleworking centers is one of the most important results of improved network bandwidths to residences. Currently, home workers can link to their offices via phones, modems, and fax machines. Improved network connectivity allows them to connect digitally, computer to computer, and pull down virtually any datafile or working document. Work groups can share documents, files and messages, interconnect to LANs or other networks, and conduct video meetings and conferences. They can function and communicate as if they were actually sharing an office. For example, a consultant in Silicon Valley uses up to 12 ISDN channels for regular CAD/CAM design collaborations with engineers in Japan using two-way desktop video, voice connections, and a shared whiteboard where all participants can annotate the computer document. How prevalent is telecommuting in any form today? There is no single widely accepted definition of exactly what telecommuting is (and even our definition is not precise enough to enable easy quantification), and there are difficulties in counting telecommuters because not all telecommuters do so all the time. Some surveys do not differentiate between people that work at home in home-based businesses and those that telecommute from their homes. In addition, the sampling methods of some surveys are different enough to make comparison and averaging impossible. As a result of these limitations the estimates in the table below vary . However, the numbers from some different surveys are quoted below, taken from The Environmental and Social Impacts of Telecommuting and Teleactivities, by J. Marcus.
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