The elements of the two matrices were then summed for each of the five hubs, producing an index of centrality, which was standardized by comparing the sum to the maximum possible (Table 9). By this measure, all five Southeast Asian hubs enjoyed an improvement in interregional accessibility between 1979 and 1997 (Table 10). This finding is in keeping with the heightened integration between the region and the rest of the international economy. The only change in the ranking of the five hubs was Bangkoks eclipse of Singapore as the best-connected global hub by 1997.