Xanthone, chemical name is dibenzo-γ-pyrone, is a basic building block of active component of many naturally medicinal plants. Its derivatives are broadly distributed in the nature, and with a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumour and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities [20-23]. Xanthone derivatives as anti-cholinesterase agents have been received significant attention in recent years. It was reported that xanthone derivatives could inhibit AChE and block the Acetylcholinesterase-induced β-Amyloid aggregation [24-26]. However, there are few reports about the research on xanthone derivates as dual inhibitors of both AChE and BuChE. Recent research showed that macluraxanthone exhibited several hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds with the amino acid residues of the PAS, AS and acyl-binding pocket of AChE and BuChE [27]. Futhermore, Mannich bases have been associated with increased biological potency [28]. So xanthone was used as a building block, and a series of Mannich bases of 1, 3- dihydroxyxanthone analogues with alkoxy and alkenoxy substituted at position 3 of xanthone and dialkylamine methyl substituted at position 2 were designed and synthesized as cholinesterase inhibitors,which possessed dual inhibitory activity to AChE as well as BuChE. Their inhibitory effects on both AChE and BuChE were evaluated. Furthermore, the enzyme kinetic analysis and molecular docking studies were performed to delineate their modes of inhibition.