The results indicate that the relation between firm performance and founding family ownership is nonlinear.The inflection point where the performance gains associated with family ownership begin to taper off is at 30.8 percent (27.6 percent)
using EBITDA(net income) to compute ROA. Based on these results, family firms are associated with better performance than nonfamily firms up to about 60 percent ownership, which exceeds the ownership levels we observe in the bulk
of our sample. Using Tobin’s q (column 3) we find a similar relation with an infiection point or maximum performance at 31.0 percent family ownership.19 While not presented, we repeat the analysis using separate dummy variables to denote
families with less than and greater than 32 percent ownership stakes. We find that both groups are associated with superior performance, although the low ownership group shows the best performance.