Greenhaus and Beutell (1985) suggested that work-family interference is bi-directional; which implies that work
can interfere with family (work interference with family - WIF) and family can interfere with work (family
interference with work—FIW). Previous studies (e.g. Byron, 2005; Noor, 2004) suggest that WIF and FIW are
distinct but reciprocally related work-family interference (Grzywacz et al., 2007).