The vitamin and mineral premixes used in this study have been used in most prior baitfish nutrition studies conducted at the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff and would meet the known requirements of most freshwater omnivorous species One diet contained 2% of a dairy/yeast prebiotic in place of an equal amount of cellulose. The prebiotic contains partially autolyzed brewer's yeast, dairy ingredient components and dried fermentation products with approximately 53% simple and complex carbohydrates. The inclusion level was based on the manufacturer's recommendation, and has been used in previous trials with other cyprinids in this lab. Diets were prepared and pressure-pelleted in the nutrition lab at UAPB as described previously and stored frozen until use. Before feeding, diets were ground to appropriate particle sizes based on fish size.