Breastfeeding was initiated at the index birth by 740 (91%) of women (Table 1). Of the 740 women who initiated breastfeeding, 593 (80%) reported breastfeeding successfully. For the index birth, differences by breastfeeding status were seen in race (P = 0.03), education (P < 0.001), and delivery type (P = 0.02). Specifically, unsuccessful initiators and non-initiators were disproportionately of African-American race and had less than a college degree. The occurrence of cesarean delivery was heterogeneous across the three breastfeeding groups (P = 0.02), with the lowest proportion of cesarean births among women who did not attempt to breastfeed