In nations with adequate medical resources, mammograms
are the standard screening technique for early detection. In
China, mammograms are available only at a limited number of
urban hospitals. The Chinese government policy is recognized as
the foundation for change, but there is no mandate to provide
Correspondence address: Deborah Oakley, University of Michigan School of
Nursing: GRO, 400 N. Ingalls, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5482, USA; Tel:
1-734-763-6730; Fax: 1-734-615-1666; E-mail: doakley@umich.edu.
Original Article
© 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 International Council of Nurses 128
free or low-cost mammograms on the mass scale required. In
most cases, the cost must be paid by the individual (Wong &
Gabriel 2000). Recognizing the situation in many low-resource
countries, the World Health Organization (WHO) continues to
recommend breast self-examination (BSE) until more technologically
advanced alternatives are available (World Health
Organization 2002). The WHO’s support for BSE is based on its
estimate that two-thirds of all cancers, including breast cancer,
can be prevented or treated successfully if detected early (World
Health Organization 2005). Its recommendation is based on
research showing that BSE can be associated with finding breast
cancer at a more favourable clinical stage
In nations with adequate medical resources, mammogramsare the standard screening technique for early detection. InChina, mammograms are available only at a limited number ofurban hospitals. The Chinese government policy is recognized asthe foundation for change, but there is no mandate to provideCorrespondence address: Deborah Oakley, University of Michigan School ofNursing: GRO, 400 N. Ingalls, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5482, USA; Tel:1-734-763-6730; Fax: 1-734-615-1666; E-mail: doakley@umich.edu.Original Article© 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 International Council of Nurses 128free or low-cost mammograms on the mass scale required. Inmost cases, the cost must be paid by the individual (Wong &Gabriel 2000). Recognizing the situation in many low-resourcecountries, the World Health Organization (WHO) continues torecommend breast self-examination (BSE) until more technologicallyadvanced alternatives are available (World HealthOrganization 2002). The WHO’s support for BSE is based on itsestimate that two-thirds of all cancers, including breast cancer,can be prevented or treated successfully if detected early (WorldHealth Organization 2005). Its recommendation is based onresearch showing that BSE can be associated with finding breastcancer at a more favourable clinical stage
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..