Fish
Indonesia is a leading tuna producer, but the sustainable production of this saltwater fish in an aquaculture setting poses serious challenges. Marine aquaculture (mariculture) in Indonesia is predominantly used for seaweed production, while offshore fish cultivation remains relatively undeveloped. Research continues on alternative species, but so far grouper remains Indonesia’s principal mariculture fish and its cultivation appears to be the most promising business. As for freshwater aquaculture, Indonesia has become the world’s largest supplier of tilapia and made headlines in 2012 when its tilapia became the first farmed fish to receive certification from the Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC).