Historically linked with the Indian subcontinent, Maldives is a Muslim-majority country. From the mid-sixteenth century colonial powers dominated the islands: Portugal, the Netherlands and Britain. The islands gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1965, becoming a republic in 1968. The country is ruled by a president and its government is authoritarian.[citation needed] The Maldivian economy is dominated by tourism and fishing. The World Bank classifies the country as having an upper middle income economy.[13]