1 Introduction
Medicinal plants constitute a source of both traditional and modern medicines [1]. About 80% of rural population depends on herbal medicine as their first line curative medicine. There are reports on the antimicrobial activity of the ethnoveterinary plants [2] and [3] but no reports are available on the antibacterial activity of the fungal endophytes isolated from these ethnoveterinary plants. Rosselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.; Family Malvaceae) also known as Ranga tengamara in Assamese is mostly used as an ethnoveterinary plant by the local people of Northeast India to treat various ailments of the livestock [4]. The leaf juice is mostly fed to the animal in empty stomach for the treatment of dysentery. Several reports on the antimicrobial activity of the plant H. sabdariffa have also been reported [5] and [6].
Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are characterized under Enterobacteriaceae family that normally inhabit the digestive tract of human and animals but can be transmitted through contaminated food and water and become a cause for enterobacterial infections [7]. The coliform bacteria, E. coli and K. pneumoniae are also the most common gram-negative causes of clinical mastitis [8], [9] and [10]. K. pneumoniae is the most common Klebsiella species found to cause mastitis. Klebsiella mastitis causes more losses in livestock industry in comparison to the losses made by E. coli mastitis in terms of milk production and survival [11] and [12]. E. coli infections respond well toward the treatment and take a shorter time to recover as compared to Klebsiella infections [8] and [13].
Endophytic fungi are fungi that colonize living, internal tissues of various parts of the plants without harming them [14]. Antimicrobial activity of the natural products from plants have been extensively studied against newly emerged antibiotic resistant pathogens in a view that these new inhibitory agents from natural products are effective, have low toxicity and have a low environmental impact [15]. Recently endophytes are viewed as outstanding source of secondary metabolites and bioactive antimicrobial natural products [16]. The aim of the present study was to assess the antibacterial effect of endophytic fungi isolated from the H. sabdariffa plant. This study reports the isolation and antimicrobial potential, against mastitis pathogens, of endophytic fungi associated with ethnoveterinary plant H. sabdariffa used in treatment of cows, buffaloes and goats. The antimicrobial effect on the ultrastructure of the pathogens was evaluated using scanning electron micrographs.
1 IntroductionMedicinal plants constitute a source of both traditional and modern medicines [1]. About 80% of rural population depends on herbal medicine as their first line curative medicine. There are reports on the antimicrobial activity of the ethnoveterinary plants [2] and [3] but no reports are available on the antibacterial activity of the fungal endophytes isolated from these ethnoveterinary plants. Rosselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.; Family Malvaceae) also known as Ranga tengamara in Assamese is mostly used as an ethnoveterinary plant by the local people of Northeast India to treat various ailments of the livestock [4]. The leaf juice is mostly fed to the animal in empty stomach for the treatment of dysentery. Several reports on the antimicrobial activity of the plant H. sabdariffa have also been reported [5] and [6].Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are characterized under Enterobacteriaceae family that normally inhabit the digestive tract of human and animals but can be transmitted through contaminated food and water and become a cause for enterobacterial infections [7]. The coliform bacteria, E. coli and K. pneumoniae are also the most common gram-negative causes of clinical mastitis [8], [9] and [10]. K. pneumoniae is the most common Klebsiella species found to cause mastitis. Klebsiella mastitis causes more losses in livestock industry in comparison to the losses made by E. coli mastitis in terms of milk production and survival [11] and [12]. E. coli infections respond well toward the treatment and take a shorter time to recover as compared to Klebsiella infections [8] and [13].Endophytic fungi are fungi that colonize living, internal tissues of various parts of the plants without harming them [14]. Antimicrobial activity of the natural products from plants have been extensively studied against newly emerged antibiotic resistant pathogens in a view that these new inhibitory agents from natural products are effective, have low toxicity and have a low environmental impact [15]. Recently endophytes are viewed as outstanding source of secondary metabolites and bioactive antimicrobial natural products [16]. The aim of the present study was to assess the antibacterial effect of endophytic fungi isolated from the H. sabdariffa plant. This study reports the isolation and antimicrobial potential, against mastitis pathogens, of endophytic fungi associated with ethnoveterinary plant H. sabdariffa used in treatment of cows, buffaloes and goats. The antimicrobial effect on the ultrastructure of the pathogens was evaluated using scanning electron micrographs.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..