A Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric one-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the significance of glyphosate application on each EL-FAME and the EL-FAME taxonomic groupings. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) was performed using PC-ORD based on Sørensen distance. Two hundred and fifty runs were made with real data and compared to 250 randomized runs. A stability criterion of 0.00001 was used. NMS was performed on both the absolute and relative concentration data sets (nanomoles per gram soil and mole percent of total EL-FAME). Before NMS, the data were transformed using a monotonic square root transformation to improve normality and reduce the coefficient of variation among EL-FAMEs. A general linear model univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the significance of glyphosate application on microbial and exchangeable K.