For the precultures, a single yeast colony was transferred from stock culture to 10mL of 12◦P all-malt wort (in duplicate). After incubation at 25 ◦ C for 24 h with shaking at 180 rpm, the sus- pensions were transferred to 200 mL of 12 ◦ P all-malt wort and incubated at 20 ◦ C for 48 h with shaking at 140 rpm. Afterwards, the two suspensions were brought into 1 L of 12 ◦ P all-malt wort and incubated statically at 15 ◦ C for 72 h and then centrifuged (8000 × g, 10 min, 4 ◦ C) to get the yeast slurry. The pitching rate was 5 × 106 cells/mL/◦ P.