could be attained by coupling active films, as outer layers, with materials
having barrier properties to volatiles, as inner layers. Moreover, the
breakdown of active components in the repellent films might occur, reducing
their effectiveness with time, and innovative techniques of
immobilisation (nanocomposite materials, microencapsulation, use of
beta-cyclodextrins) could extend effectiveness for several years. Finally,
it should be taken into consideration that repellent packages would reduce
the incidence of exogenous infestations and can only be synergistic
with hygienic prevention measures, since they have no effect on insects
already present in the packaged produce at any life stage. The widespread
of repellent packaging is currently limited by the lack of scientific studies,
therefore this work should encourage further investigation considering
active substances, doses, modes of application and target insects. The
adoption of repellent packaging could reduce the recourse to thick packaging
films, which ensure a certain level of prevention against insects attacks
to packages, and help fight overpackaging (i.e. the use of higher
volumes of plastic than strictly necessary). The potential of essential oils
could be the answer to the current search for environmental and
health-friendly solutions for the safeguard of foods. If packaging is the
last frontier against insect pests, then repellent packaging might represent
the ultimate weapon for producers and consumers against pests attacks
to packages.
Acknowledgement
The authors acknowledge the company Artibal for supplying the
active polymers. Thanks are given to Gobierno de Aragon and Fondo
Social Europeo for the financial help through the GUIA group T-10