Corticosteroids
1. We suggest timely hydrocortisone therapy in children with fluid-refractory, catecholamine-resistant shock and suspected or proven absolute (classic) adrenal insufficiency (grade 1A).
Rationale. Approximately 25% of children with septic shock have absolute adrenal insufficiency. Patients at risk for absolute adrenal insufficiency include children with severe septic shock and purpura, those who have previously received steroid therapies for chronic illness, and children with pituitary or adrenal abnormalities. Initial treatment is hydrocortisone infusion given at stress doses (50mg/m2/24hr); however, infusions up to 50mg/kg/d may be required to reverse shock in the short-term. Death from absolute adrenal insufficiency and septic shock occurs within 8 hrs of presentation. Obtaining a serum cortisol level at the time empiric hydrocortisone is administered may be helpful (578–583).