Let us take as an example the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), whose interest extends much beyond the funding of agencies. Beginning in 1981, OMB has had authority, on the basis of executive orders, to oversee the issuance of rules and regulations by executive branch agencies. (More is reported on this topic in the chapter titled “Policy Impact, Evaluation, and Change”) The number and variety of participants in implementation will differ from one policy arena to another, depending upon the salience, target population, and impact of the policy. The activities of the Railroad Retirement Board draw little attention. (Indeed, it is located in Chicago rather than Washington, DC).