ABSTRACT
This study analyzed the effect of propionate (C3) and
casein (CN) on whole-body and mammary metabolism
of energetic nutrients. Three multiparous Holstein cows
fitted with both duodenal and ruminal cannulas were
used in 2 replicated Youden squares with 14-d periods.
Effects of CN (743 g/d in the duodenum) and C3 (1,042
g/d in the rumen) infusions, either separately or in
combination as supplements to a grass silage diet, were
tested in a factorial arrangement. The control diet provided
97% of energy and protein requirements. Within
each period, blood samples were taken (d 11) from the
carotid artery and the right mammary vein to determine
net uptake of energetic nutrients. Plasma blood
flow was calculated using the Fick principle (based on
Phe and Tyr). On d 13, [6,6-2H2]glucose was infused in
the jugular vein to determine whole-body glucose rate
of appearance (Ra) based on enrichments in arterial
plasma. Both C3 and CN treatments increased wholebody
Ra (17% and 13%, respectively) but only CN increased
milk (18%) and lactose (14%) yields, suggesting
no direct link between whole-body Ra and milk yield.
When CN was infused alone, the apparent ratio of conversion
of CN carbon into glucose carbon was 0.31 but,
when allowance was made for the CN required to support
the extra milk protein output, the ratio increased
to 0.40, closer to the theoretical ratio (0.48). This may
relate to the observed increases in arterial glucagon
concentrations for CN alone. Conversely, the apparent
conversion of infused C3 carbon alone to glucose was
low (0.31). With C3, mammary plasma flow increased
as did uptakes of lactate, Ala, and Glu whereas the uptake
for β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) decreased. Mammary
net carbon balance suggested an increase with C3
ABSTRACTThis study analyzed the effect of propionate (C3) andcasein (CN) on whole-body and mammary metabolismof energetic nutrients. Three multiparous Holstein cowsfitted with both duodenal and ruminal cannulas wereused in 2 replicated Youden squares with 14-d periods.Effects of CN (743 g/d in the duodenum) and C3 (1,042g/d in the rumen) infusions, either separately or incombination as supplements to a grass silage diet, weretested in a factorial arrangement. The control diet provided97% of energy and protein requirements. Withineach period, blood samples were taken (d 11) from thecarotid artery and the right mammary vein to determinenet uptake of energetic nutrients. Plasma bloodflow was calculated using the Fick principle (based onPhe and Tyr). On d 13, [6,6-2H2]glucose was infused inthe jugular vein to determine whole-body glucose rateof appearance (Ra) based on enrichments in arterialplasma. Both C3 and CN treatments increased wholebodyRa (17% and 13%, respectively) but only CN increasedmilk (18%) and lactose (14%) yields, suggestingno direct link between whole-body Ra and milk yield.When CN was infused alone, the apparent ratio of conversionof CN carbon into glucose carbon was 0.31 but,when allowance was made for the CN required to supportthe extra milk protein output, the ratio increasedto 0.40, closer to the theoretical ratio (0.48). This mayrelate to the observed increases in arterial glucagonconcentrations for CN alone. Conversely, the apparentconversion of infused C3 carbon alone to glucose waslow (0.31). With C3, mammary plasma flow increasedas did uptakes of lactate, Ala, and Glu whereas the uptakefor β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) decreased. Mammarynet carbon balance suggested an increase with C3
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