Passivated
technology in solar cell production which adds a layer of aluminium oxide which is reopened by a laser at selected points to allow contacting between the back surface and the silicon. However, as published in the industry journal Photon, a new form of LID has been noted in multicrystalline PERC cells over the last few years which has been shown to significantly affect the panel performance. There are several known causes why PERC cells are particularly susceptible to LID, such as the quality of the silicon bulk and the layer boundary to aluminium oxide