Third step (managerial participation). The result of the logit
regression over the sample of active participation at the third step
shows that the coefficients on education level of household's head
(edu) and the two policy variables (advice provision (adv) and
agreement fulfillment (ful)) are significantly positive. Concerning
household characteristics, higher education is associated with
higher motivation of managerial participation, which is in contrast
to the result for the first step of nominal participation but is
consistent with the result for the second step of active participation.
As suggested in Salam et al. (2005) and Flint et al. (2008),
educated people are likely to become more involved in the PHBM
program in an effective way, i.e., to participate in the program as
management staffs. This argument may be supported by the
significantly positive coefficient on education level. Moreover,
similar to the previous results at the second step, our logit analysis
at the third step also confirms the effectiveness of Perum Perhutani's
policies, advice provision and agreement fulfillment.