Another challenge is that agricultural labour is moving into other sectors. A case study in Champasak province found that only 15 per cent of the households surveyed used their household labour exclusively for their own agricultural production, mainly rice farming. The remaining 85 per cent used some of their labour to earn additional income from either off-farm or non-farm employment in Laos or Thailand. Many young people are migrating to cities and neighbouring countries to take up new opportunities that can provide them with greater cash returns for their labour. When family members move out, there are both negative and positive impacts on families and society.