Produced water is the largest waste byproduct generated by the oil and gas industry. Approximately, 80 million barrels of oil are produced each day around the world yielding about 250 million barrels of produced water [1]. However, the quantities and characteristics of produced water are not uniform and depend on multiple factors, including the type of hydrocarbon that is produced, the geology of the formation, and the method of extraction [2]. Produced water that contains a high amount of total dissolved solids (TDS) requires significant treatment in order to be used for irrigation, agriculture, or to be discharged into surface waters. The predominant practice for produced water disposal is deep well injection through a class II injection well (according to EPA classification), which is popular due to lower costs and less required pretreatment. Currently, over 90% of produced water is disposed of by injection into deep wells in the United States [2]; the remaining water is generally discharged into surface waters, reused for crop irrigation or for hydraulic fracturing. Although, a few new treatment methods have become available recently, producers still hesitate to consider new technologies due to high costs and the past experiences with unreliable treatment methods. Given the large amount of produced water, the growing demands on freshwater resources, and consumption of the energy on water transportation and reinjection of produced water, there is a significant incentive to recycle and reuse as much produced water as possible. Since current regulations do not allow produced water to be released into surface waters directly, it is usually either injected into disposal wells or treated to a quality that can be reused or discharged. However, water shortages in many areas make it advantageous to reuse and recycle the produced water.