Measurement of the constructs
Ethical food choice motives were measured
with a scale developed by Lindeman and
Va¨a¨na¨nen (2000). The scale consists of 11
items that make up three dimensions: ecological, political and religious food choice motives.
The ecological motives scale consists of five
items: ‘Has been produced in a way that has
not caused animals to experience pain’, ‘Has
been produced in a way that respects animals’
rights’, ‘Has been prepared in an environmentally friendly way’, ‘Has been produced in a
way that has not disturbed the balance of
nature’ and ‘Is packaged in an environmentally
friendly way’. Political motives were measured
with four items: ‘Comes from a country I
approve of politically’, ‘Comes from a country
in which human rights are not violated’, ‘Has
the country of origin clearly marked’ and ‘Has
been prepared in a way that does not conflict
with my political values’. Religious motives
were measured with two items: ‘Is not
forbidden in my religion’ and ‘Is in harmony
with my religious views’. All items were
measured with a 7-point semantic differential
scale, labelled from 1 (totally unimportant) to 7
(extremely important).