The management of natural resources is a paradigm in change from sustainable yield
to sustainable ecosystems. This new paradigm is cosystem management, and focuses on managing the ecosystem for the services it may provide, rather than for producing a single commodity or a limited number of commodities. However, our social systemconstraints our ability to manage the biosphere we are part of. Hence, ecosystem management is determined by human values and the capacity to translate scientific knowledge into governance and the management of social-ecological systems from an obviously‘human-in-nature’perspective.