There are five types of ECCE services in Indonesia: Kindergartens (taman kanak), Playgroups (kelompok bermain), Childcare Centres (taman penitipan anak), Posyandu (Integrated Service Post), and Mothers Programmes (bina keluarga balita). Kindergartens function under the auspices of the Ministry of National Education (Islamic kindergartens are under the responsibility of the Ministry of Religious Affairs) and provide services for two hours a day for 4‐ to 6‐year‐olds. The Playgroups and Childcare Centres are supervised by the Ministry of Social Welfare, with the former catering to children ranging in age from 2 to 6 years, and the latter to children from 3 months to 6 years. The Playgroups are open for 2 hours daily, and 3 times per week, but the Childcare Centres are open for 8 to 10 hours a day. The Posyandu and Mothers’ Programms are under the responsibility of Ministry of Health and Ministry of Women’s Affairs, respectively. They offer 2 hours of service twice a month.
The main purposes of these ECCE services are different: Kindergartens provide pre‐primary education and promote school readiness for the participating children; Playgroups offer play‐based education and facilitate social and emotional development; Childcare Centres integrate the service of childcare for working parents and child development; Posyandu combine health and parenting education; and Mothers Programme focus on parenting education and activities for children.