4.1.1. Associative network
A large free-association database involving more than 6,000 participants was collected by
Nelson et al. (1999). Over 5,000 words served as cues (e.g., “cat”) for which participants had to
write down the first word that came to mind (e.g., “dog”). We created two networks based on
these norms. In the directed network, two word nodes x and y were joined by an arc (from x to
M. Steyvers, J. B. Tenenbaum/Cognitive Science 29 (2005) 49
y) if the cue x evoked y as an associative response for at least two of the participants in the database.
In the undirected network, word nodes were joined by an edge if the words were associatively
related regardless of associative direction. Although the directed network is clearly a
more natural representation of word associations, our other networks were both undirected,
and most of the literature on small-world and scale-free networks has focused on undirected
networks. Hence the undirected network of word associations provides an important benchmark
for comparison. Fig. 4 shows all shortest associative paths from VOLCANO to ACHE in
the directed associative network.
4.1.1. Associative networkA large free-association database involving more than 6,000 participants was collected byNelson et al. (1999). Over 5,000 words served as cues (e.g., “cat”) for which participants had towrite down the first word that came to mind (e.g., “dog”). We created two networks based onthese norms. In the directed network, two word nodes x and y were joined by an arc (from x toM. Steyvers, J. B. Tenenbaum/Cognitive Science 29 (2005) 49y) if the cue x evoked y as an associative response for at least two of the participants in the database.In the undirected network, word nodes were joined by an edge if the words were associativelyrelated regardless of associative direction. Although the directed network is clearly amore natural representation of word associations, our other networks were both undirected,and most of the literature on small-world and scale-free networks has focused on undirectednetworks. Hence the undirected network of word associations provides an important benchmarkfor comparison. Fig. 4 shows all shortest associative paths from VOLCANO to ACHE inthe directed associative network.
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