Lactic acid is also used as a bulk chemical, produced by
lactic acid bacteria (Table 1), but the biological production
has always been in competition with chemical synthesis.
Lactic acid, which is mostly used in food and pharmaceutical
processes, is produced by homofermentative lactic
acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains with
a yield up to 90 g lactic acid per 100 g glucose.