. ทุกข์ Dukkha: suffering; unsatisiactoriness
2. ทุกขสมุทัย Dukkha-samudaya: the cause of suffering; origin of suffering
3. ทุกขนิโรธ Dukkha-nirodha: the cessation of suffering; extinction of suffering
4. ทุกขนิโรธคามินีปฏิปทา Dukkha-nirodha-gamini patipada : the path leading to the cessation of suffering