GCs can typically be expected to have a moderate level of task expertise. Twenty or more years ago, the GC’s superintendent usually had fairly deep knowledge of nearly all construction tasks because he/she typically had worked his/her way up from a construction trade. Also, because GCs often self-performed all phases of the work except for the utilities, the superintendent played an active role in directing the hour-by-hour field operations. Currently, most GCs subcontract out all of the 20–50 phases of construction except for two or three, and GC field engineers are often recent engineering graduates who possess little tacit construction knowledge.