Manz(1986) was the first to define modern self-leadership. He described self-leadership as a journey to self-discovery and self-satisfaction, a method of self influence, a technique for self efficacy, a source of behavioral control, and even a process of fulfillment. Manz's studies were based on social learning theory, on Bandura's 1971 social cognitive theory Snyder's(1974, 1979) self monitoring studies, Deci and Ryan's(1985) self-motivation studies, and Burns's(1980) cognitive therapy.