Emissions from melting furnaces are particulates, carbon monoxide, organics, sulfur dioxide,
nitrogen oxides, and small quantities of chlorides and fluorides. The particulates, chlorides, and
fluorides are generated by the flux. Scrap contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and dirt
particles, along with oxidized phosphorus, silicon, and manganese. In addition, organics on the scrap
and the carbon additives increase CO emissions. There are also trace constituents such as nickel,
hexavalent chromium, lead, cadmium, and arsenic.