Primary schools, secondary schools and universities were introduced in 1872 as a result of the Meiji Restoration.as of 2005 about 75.9 percent of high school graduates attended a university, junior college, trade school, or other higher education institution.The two top-ranking universities in Japan are the University of Tokyo and Kyoto University.[194][195] The Programme for International Student Assessment coordinated by the OECD currently ranks the overall knowledge and skills of Japanese 15-year-olds as sixth best in the world.[196]