In other issues, the Tokyo Round had mixed results. It failed to come to grips with
the fundamental problems affecting farm trade and also stopped short of providing a
modified agreement on “safeguards” (emergency import measures). Nevertheless, a
series of agreements on non-tariff barriers did emerge from the negotiations, in some
cases interpreting existing GATT rules, in others breaking entirely new ground. In
most cases, only a relatively small number of (mainly industrialized) GATT members
subscribed to these agreements and arrangements. Because they were not accepted by
the full GATT membership, they were often informally called “codes”.