Study setting and populationIn August 2011, we began an observational, prospectivecohort study of children at the Queen Sirikit NationalInstitute of Child Health (QSNICH), the largest publictertiary care hospital for children, in Bangkok, Thailand.Children were eligible for enrollment if they were residents ofmetropolitan Bangkok, 0–36 months of age, routinely soughtcare at QSNICH, and not acutely ill at enrollment. We aimedto enroll an equal number of healthy children and childrenwith underlying comorbidities (prematurity/low birth weight[<37 weeks gestation or <2500 gram], congenital heartdisease, chronic respiratory disease, immunosuppression,neurologic/neuromuscular conditions, and metabolic abnormalities).High-risk children were identified and approachedwhen seeking care at clinics. An age- and time-matched childwithout any underlying comorbidities was then subsequentlyenrolled from the neonatal ward, well-baby clinic, or otheroutpatient clinics. The sequence of enrollment could also bereversed if a healthy child was first identified. Children whowere already enrolled were followed through in the studyeven if their matches could not be found. After the consentprocess for which study nurses explained in detail about thestudy but did not discuss about specific respiratory diseaseprevention including vaccination, written informed consentwas obtained from a parent or guardian of each child. Thisรวมการยินยอมให้นักวิจัยที่เด็กเวชระเบียนเพื่อตรวจสอบสถานะการฉีดวัคซีนไข้หวัดใหญ่เด็กได้ตาม 2 ปี การศึกษานี้ได้รับอนุมัติโดยคณะกรรมการจริยธรรมของ QSNICH
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