2.3.4. Extreme Value TheoryThe Extreme Value Theory (EVT) approach focuses on thelimiting distribution of extreme returns observed over a long timeperiod, which is essentially independent of the distribution of thereturns themselves. The two main models for EVT are (1) theblock maxima models (BM) (McNeil, 1998) and (2) the peaks-over-threshold model (POT). The second is generally considered to bethe most useful for practical applications due to the more efficientuse of the data at extreme values. In the POT models, there are twotypes of analysis: the Semi-parametric models built around the Hillestimator and its relatives (Beirlant et al., 1996; Danielsson et al.,1998) and the fully Parametric models based on the GeneralisedPareto distribution (Embrechts et al., 1999). In the coming sectionseach one of these approaches is described.