To those of us who have become used to thinking about organisms and organization as open systems ,this kind of circular reasoning may seem very strange indeed. We have learned to see systems as distinct entities because weinsist on understanding them from our point of view as observers rather than attempting to understand their inner logic. As my colleague petrel harries jones has put in doing this we rend to confuse and mix the domain of organization with that of explanation. If we put ourselves “inside” such systems we come to realize that we are within a closed systems of interaction and that the environment is part of the system’s organization because it is part of its domain of essential interaction.