Solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) was developed in
2004 by Chemat et al. Lucchesie Chemat Smadja (2004a),
(2004b). Based on a relatively simple principle, this process
consists of the microwave-assisted dry distillation of a fresh plant
matrix without adding water or any organic solvent. SFME is
neither a modified microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) which
uses organic solvents, nor a modified hydro-distillation (HD) which
use a large quantity of water (Fig. 1). The selective heating of the
in situ water content of plant material causes tissues to swell and
makes the glands and oleiferous receptacles burst. This process
thus frees essential oil, which is evaporated by azeotropic distillation
with the water present in the plant material (Li et al., 2013).
The water excess can be refluxed to the extraction vessel to restore
the original water to the plant material. This process has been
applied to several kinds of fresh and dry plants, such as spices
(ajowan, cumin and star anise), aromatic herbs (basil, mint and
thyme) and citrus fruits. Table 1 summarises the most important
essential oils that have been extracted by SFME.
Solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) was developed in
2004 by Chemat et al. Lucchesie Chemat Smadja (2004a),
(2004b). Based on a relatively simple principle, this process
consists of the microwave-assisted dry distillation of a fresh plant
matrix without adding water or any organic solvent. SFME is
neither a modified microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) which
uses organic solvents, nor a modified hydro-distillation (HD) which
use a large quantity of water (Fig. 1). The selective heating of the
in situ water content of plant material causes tissues to swell and
makes the glands and oleiferous receptacles burst. This process
thus frees essential oil, which is evaporated by azeotropic distillation
with the water present in the plant material (Li et al., 2013).
The water excess can be refluxed to the extraction vessel to restore
the original water to the plant material. This process has been
applied to several kinds of fresh and dry plants, such as spices
(ajowan, cumin and star anise), aromatic herbs (basil, mint and
thyme) and citrus fruits. Table 1 summarises the most important
essential oils that have been extracted by SFME.
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