Symptomatic
Treatments that help alleviate symptoms include simple analgesics and antipyretics such as ibuprofen[53] and acetaminophen/paracetamol.[54] Evidence does not show that cough medicines are any more effective than simple analgesics[55][needs update] and they are not recommended for use in children due to a lack of evidence supporting effectiveness and the potential for harm.[56][57] In 2009, Canada restricted the use of over-the-counter cough and cold medication in children six years and under due to concerns regarding risks and unproven benefits.[56] In adults there is insufficient evidence to support the use of cough medications.[58][needs update] The misuse of dextromethorphan (an over-the-counter cough medicine) has led to its ban in a number of countries.[59]
In adults the symptoms of a runny nose can be reduced by first-generation antihistamines; however, these sometimes have adverse effects such as drowsiness.[51] Other decongestants such as pseudoephedrine are also effective in adults.[60] Ipratropium nasal spray may reduce the symptoms of a runny nose but has little effect on stuffiness.[61][needs update] Second-generation antihistamines however do not appear to be effective.[62]
Due to lack of studies, it is not known whether increased fluid intake improves symptoms or shortens respiratory illness[63] and a similar lack of data exists for the use of heated humidified air.[64][needs update] One study has found chest vapor rub to provide some relief of nocturnal cough, congestion, and sleep difficulty.[65]