Solidification/stabilization, also referred to as waste fixation, reduces the mobility of hazardous substances and contaminants in the environment through both physical and
chemical means . Stabilization generally refers to the process that reduces the risk posed by a waste by converting the contaminant into a less soluble, immobile, and less toxic form. Solidification refers to the process that encapsulates the waste materials in a monolithic solid of high structural integrity . In situ stabilization and solidification involves three main
components: (1) a means of mixing the contaminated soil in place; (2) a reagent storage, preparation, and feed system;
and (3) a means to deliver the reagents to the soil mixing zone
(Nyer, 1996). In situ and ex situ stabilization/solidification is usually applied to soils contaminated by heavy metals and other inorganic compounds. However, stabilization of soils that contain low levels of organic constituents is feasible,
even for volatile organics . Most stabilization/solidification technologies have limited effectiveness against organics and pesticides, except for asphalt batching and vitrification which destroys most organic contaminants .